P 3 M S T A I N P u r w o k e r t o | A b d u l W a c h i d B . S . 1 I b d a ` | V o l . 2 | N o . 1 | J a n - J u n 2 0 0 4 | 1 1 6 - 1 2 8
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* ) A b d u l W a c h i d B . S . , l a h i r 7 O k t o b e r 1 9 6 6 d i B l u l u k , L a m o n g a n , J a w a T i m u r . B u k u k a r y a s a s t r a w a n i n i y a n g t e l a h t e r b i t : ( 1 ) R u m a h C a h a y a ( b u k u p u i s i ; c e t . I - 1 9 9 5 ; c e t . I I , G a m a M e d i a , 2 0 0 3 ) ; ( 2 ) S a s t r a M e l a w a n S l o g a n ( b u k u e s a i ; F K B A , 2 0 0 0 ) ; ( 3 ) I j i n k a n A k u M e n c i n t a i m u ( b u k u p u i s i ; P e n e r b i t B u k u l a e l a , c e t . I , 2 0 0 2 ; c e t . I I , 2 0 0 4 ) ; ( 4 ) R e l i g i o s i t a s A l a m : d a r i S u r e a l i s m e k e S p i r i t u a l i s m e D . Z a w a w i I m r o n ( b u k u k a j i a n s a s t r a ; G a m a M e d i a , 2 0 0 2 ) ; ( 5 ) T u n j a mm u K e k a s i h ( b u k u p u i s i ; B e n t a n g , 2 0 0 3 ) ; d a n , ( 6 ) B e r i b u R i n d u K e k a s i h k u ( b u k u p u i s i ; A m o r B o o k , 2 0 0 4 ) . A c h i d j u g a s e b a g a i d o s e n - n e g e r i d i S e k o l a h T i n g g i A g a m a I s l a m N e g e r i ( S T A I N ) P u r w o k e r t o .
A b s t r a c t : L o v e i s a s o u r c e w h e r e f r o m t h e r e l a t i o n b e t w e e n G o d a n d H i s C r e a t u r e � n a m e l y m a n a n d u n i v e r s e � e x i s t . T h e r e f o r e , l o v e b e c o m e s s i g n i f i c a n t t o p i c i n t h e t a s a w u f , w h i c h a l w a y s r e v e a l t h e r e l a t i o n b e t w e e n t h e s e t h r e e e n t i t i e s . T h i s c o n s i d e r a t i o n g i v e l o v e a p e a k p o s i t i o n a t t h e t a s a w u f . F r o m t h i s r e a s o n , t h e i m p o r t a n c e o f u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e i r l o v e c o n c e p t e m e r g e d , w h e n w e e x a m i n e S u f i � s p o e m a n d s u f i s t i c p o e t r y . K e y w o r d : T a s a w u f C i n t a , S a s t r a S u f i .
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C i n t a m e r u p a k a n s u m b e r d a r i h u b u n g a n a n t a r a T u h a n d e n g a n c i p t a a n - N y a , y a k n i m a n u s i a d a n a l a m s e m e s t a . O l e h k a r e n a n y a , c i n t a m e n j a d i t e m a p e n t i n g d i d a l a m t a s a w u f , y a n g m e m a n g s e l a l u m e n g u n g k a p h u b u n g a n a n t a r - k e t i g a n y a . P e m a h a m a n d e m i k i a n d i a n t a r a n y a y a n g m e m p o s i s i k a n c i n t a m e n j a d i p e r i n g k a t t i n g k a t a n t e r t i n g g i d i d a l a m t a s a w u f . O l e h s e b a b i t u , m e m a k n a i p e r p u i s i a n k a r y a s u f i ( p e r p u i s i a n s u f i s m e ) d a n p e r p u i s i a n s u f i s t i s h a r u s l a h d i p a h a m i k o n s e p c i n t a m e r e k a .
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C i n t a ( m a h a b b a h ) b e r k e m b a n g s e b a g a i g a g a s a n k e r u h a n i a n s e t e l a h t a s a w u f m e n i n g g a l k a n w u j u d n y a s e b a g a i g e r a k a n k e r u h a n i a n y a n g b e r s a h a j a s e s u d a h a w a l a b a d k e - 8 M a s e h i ( a b a d k e - 2 H i j r i a h ) . S a a t i t u t a s a w u f l e b i h s e b a g a i k e h i d u p a n a s k e t i s m e ( z u h u d ) , d a n t i n g k a t k e r u h a n i a n ( m a q a m ) y a n g t e r t i n g g i i a l a h t a w a k k u l ( k e t e r g a n t u n g a n d a n k e p e r c a y a a n p e n u h k e p a d a T u h a n ) d a n t a k w a . M a h a b b a h m e n j a d i t i n g k a t k e r u h a n i a n p e n t i n g s e t e l a h d i g a l i b e r d a s a r k a n p e n g a l a m a n m i s t i k d a r i a h l i t a s a w u f J a � f a r a l - S h i d i q ( 6 9 9 - 7 5 6 M ) , y a n g d i a n g g a p s e b a g a i p e n c e t u s n y a , i a j u g a s e o r a n g a h l i h a d i s
P 3 M S T A I N P u r w o k e r t o | A b d u l W a c h i d B . S . 2 I b d a ` | V o l . 2 | N o . 1 | J a n - J u n 2 0 0 4 | 1 1 6 - 1 2 8
d a n t a f s i r . M a h a b b a h j u g a d i k e m b a n g k a n o l e h S y a q i q a l - B a l k h i , H a r i t s a l - M u h a s i b i , d a n t e r u t a m a s e k a l i d i p o p u l a r k a n o l e h R a b i � a h a l - A d a w i y a h . P a d a s a a t d i k e m b a n g k a n o l e h p a r a s u f i t e r s e b u t t i n g k a t k e r u h a n i a n t e r p e n t i n g y a n g t e r s u s u n m e l i p u t i t a u b a t , s a b a r , h a r a p ( r a j a a � ) , t a k u t ( k h a w f ) , f a k i r , z u h u d , t a u h i d ( s e l a r a s d e n g a n k e h e n d a k T u h a n ) , t a w a k k u l , d a n c i n t a ( m a h a b b a h ) y a n g t e r m a s u k d i d a l a m n y a r i n d u ( s y a w q ) , k e k a r i b a n ( u n s ) , d a n r e l a ( r i d l a a ) y a i t u p u a s t e r h a d a p k e h e n d a k - N y a . 1
S e b a g i a n s u f i l e b i h m e n g g u n a k a n i s t i l a h � i s y q d a r i p a d a m a h a b b a h . A l - N u r i ( w a f a t 9 0 7 M ) , s e o r a n g s u f i y a n g p e r t a m a k a l i m e m p e r k e n a l k a n i s t i l a h � i s y q u n t u k m e l e n g k a p i i s t i l a h m a h a b b a h . D i d a l a m a l - Q u r � a n s e n d i r i t i d a k a d a i s t i l a h � i s y q , m e l a i n k a n d i g u n a k a n i s t i l a h m a h a b b a h , y a n g d i m a k s u d k a n s e b a g a i c i n t a k e p a d a A l l a h s e c a r a m a k s i m a l a t a u s e c a r a m u t l a k : � D i a m e n c i n t a i m e r e k a , d a n m e r e k a m e n c i n t a i - N y a � . 2
S e o r a n g s u f i p e n y a i r , J a l a l u d d i n R u m i t i d a k m e n i l a i b a h w a d u a i s t i l a h t e r s e b u t s e b a g a i h a l y a n g b e r l a w a n a n , � � i s y q a d a l a h m a h a b b a h y a n g t a k t e r b i l a n g b a n y a k n y a , � u n g k a p n y a d i d a l a m M a t s n a w i . 3 I m a m a l - G h o z a l i j u g a t i d a k m e m b e d a k a n a n t a r a � i s y q d a n m a h a b b a h , s u b s t a n s i k e d u a n y a s a l i n g b e r k a i t - e r a t . K a r e n a n y a , a l - G h o z a l i m e n g g u n a k a n i s t i l a h � i s y q s e b a g a i c i n t a y a n g a m a t m e n d a l a m d a n m e n g u n g g u l i s e g a l a s e s u a t u , 4 c i n t a y a n g b e n a r - b e n a r k o k o h d a n t a k t e r h a l a n g o l e h a p a p u n , s e p e r t i c i n t a Z u l a y k h a k e p a d a N a b i Y u s u f A S , c i n t a Q a i s ( M a j n u n ) k e p a d a L a y l a , a t a u c i n t a a l - H a l l a j k e p a d a T u h a n n y a s e h i n g g a m e m u n c u l k a n k a l i m a t n y a � a n a a a l - h a a q � ( � a k u a d a l a h k e b e n a r a n k r e a t i f � , a t a u , � a k u s a t u d e n g a n D i a y a n g k u c i n t a � ) .
A t a s p e n d a p a t p a r a s u f i t e r s e b u t , p e n u l i s m e n g g u n a k a n i s t i l a h � i s y q d a n m a h a b b a h i n i m e m u n g k i n k a n k e d u a n y a d i p a k a i ; m a n a k a l a m e l a k u - k a n i d e n t i f i k a s i t e r h a d a p k e a d a a n j i w a ( h a l a t a u a h w a l ) y a n g d i d a l a m n y a c i n t a t a k t e r b i l a n g b a n y a k n y a a k a n d i g u n a k a n i s t i l a h � i s y q ; d a n m a n a k a l a m e l a k u k a n i d e n t i f i k a s i t e r h a d a p k e c e n d e r u n g a n h a t i k e p a d a c i n t a I l a h i , b a i k i t u m e r u p a k a n k e a d a a n j i w a m a u p u n t i n g k a t a n r u h a n i ( m a q a m a t ) , m a k a a k a n d i p a k a i i s t i l a h m a h a b b a h .
M e n u r u t R u m i , h a n y a c i n t a y a n g d a p a t m e m b a w a s e o r a n g p e l a k u s u f i ( s a a l i k ) b e r h a s i l d a l a m p e r j a l a n a n m e r e k a m e n c a p a i D i r i Y a n g T i n g g i s e b a b c i n t a m e r u p a k a n c a r a u n g g u l m e n c a p a i p e n g e t a h u a n t e n t a n g h a k e k a t s e g a l a s e s u a t u . 5 H a l i n i b e r a r t i b a h w a h a n y a c i n t a y a n g d a p a t m e m b a w a m a n u s i a m e y a k i n i r e a l i t a s t e r d a l a m d a n t e r t i n g g i d a r i s e g a l a s e s u a t u .
D i d a l a m s i s t e m e s t e t i k a s u f i , c i n t a ( � i s y q a t a u p u n m a h a b b a h ) m e m p u n y a i m a k n a l u a s , c i n t a b u k a n d i m a k n a k a n s e c a r a u m u m , m e l a i n k a n l e b i h p a d a k e a d a a n d a n t i n g k a t a n r u h a n i y a n g m e m b a w a s e s e o r a n g m e n c a p a i p e n g e t a h u a n k e t u h a n a n . S e b a g a i m a n a d i u n g k a p d e n g a n i n d a h o l e h A b u N u � a y m a l - I s f a h a n i d i d a l a m H i l y a t a l - A w l i y a a � b a h w a c i n t a m e r u p a k a n g a b u n g a n d a r i b e r b a g a i u n s u r k e a d a a n j i w a , � H a t i o r a n g a r i f a d a l a h s a r a n g c i n t a ( � i s y q ) , d a n h a t i p e n c i n t a b i r a h i ( � a s h i q ) a d a l a h s a r a n g r i n d u ( s a w q ) , d a n h a t i o r a n g r i n d u ( s a w q i ) a d a l a h s a r a n g k e d e k a t a n ( u n s ) . � 6
P 3 M S T A I N P u r w o k e r t o | A b d u l W a c h i d B . S . 3 I b d a ` | V o l . 2 | N o . 1 | J a n - J u n 2 0 0 4 | 1 1 6 - 1 2 8
� P e r h e n t i a n t e r a k h i r d i j a l a n m i s t i k i a l a h m a h a b b a h a t a u c i n t a , d a n m a � r i f a h . K a d a n g - k a d a n g k e d u a n y a d i a n g g a p s a l i n g m e l e n g k a p i , k a d a n g - k a d a n g c i n t a d i a n g g a p l e b i h u t a m a , d a n a d a k a l a n y a m a � r i f a h d i p a n d a n g l e b i h t i n g g i , � d e m i k i a n u n g k a p A n n e m a r i e S c h i mm e l . 7
M e n u r u t a l - G h a z a l i b a h w a m a � r i f a h m e n d a h u l u i c i n t a ( m a h a b b a h ) s e b a b � C i n t a t a n p a m a � r i f a h t i d a k m u n g k i n , o r a n g h a n y a d a p a t m e n - c i n t a i s e s u a t u y a n g d i k e n a l . � 8 P e r n y a t a a n t e n t a n g m a � r i f a h y a n g p a l i n g m e n y e n t u h d i b e r i k a n o l e h a l - J u n a y d , � M a � r i f a h i a l a h k e r a g u a n h a t i a n t a r a m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a T u h a n t e r l a l u a g u n g u n t u k d i m e n g e r t i , d a n m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a I a t e r l a l u d a h s y a t u n t u k d i l i h a t . M a � r i f a h a d a l a h p e n g e t a h u a n b a h w a a p a p u n y a n g t e r b a y a n g d a l a m h a t i m u , T u h a n a d a l a h k e b a l i k a n n y a . � 9
N a m u n , b a g i R a b i � a h a l - A d a w i y a h , c i n t a l a h y a n g m e n d a h u l u i m a � r i f a h , c i n t a y a n g t u l u s k e p a d a T u h a n a k a n d i b a l a s o l e h - N y a d e n g a n t e r b u k a n y a t a b i r a n t a r a m a n u s i a d a n T u h a n , d a n s u f i m e l i h a t T u h a n d e n g a n m a t a - h a t i n y a . K a r e n a n y a , t a t k a l a d i t a n y a a p a k a h i a m e l i h a t T u h a n y a n g i a s e m b a h , R a b i � a h m e n j a w a b , � J i k a a k u t a k m e l i h a t - N y a , m a k a a k u t i d a k a k a n m e n y e m b a h - N y a . � S e l a n j u t n y a t e n t a n g m a � r i f a h , R a b i � a h a l - A d a w i y a h m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a � B u a h i l m u r u h a n i a d a l a h a g a r e n g k a u p a l i n g k a n w a j a h m u d a r i m a k h l u k a g a r e n g k a u d a p a t m e m u s a t k a n p e r h a t i a n m u h a n y a k e p a d a A l l a h s a j a s e b a b m a � r i f a h i t u a d a l a h m e n g e n a l A l l a h s e b a i k - b a i k n y a � . 1 0 J a d i , b a g i R a b i � a h a l - A d a w i y a h , m a h a b b a h m e n d a h u l u i m a � r i f a h s e k a l i p u n k e d u a n y a b e r d a m p i n g a n d a n t i d a k d a p a t d i p i s a h k a n .
D a l a m p e r s p e k t i f D z u n N u n a l - M i s h r i , 1 1 m a � r i f a h t e r s t r u k t u r m e n j a d i t i g a t i n g k a t a n , p e r t a m a , m a � r i f a h a w a m y a i t u m e n g e t a h u i T u h a n d e n g a n p e r a n t a r a a n u c a p a n s y a h a d a t ; k e d u a , m a � r i f a h u l a m a y a i t u m e n g e t a h u i T u h a n d e n g a n l o g i k a a k a l ; k e t i g a , m a � r i f a h s u f i y a i t u m e n g e t a h u i T u h a n d e n g a n p e r a n t a r a a n h a t i - s a n u b a r i .
D e m i k i a n p u l a , c i n t a ( m a h a b b a h ) m e n u r u t a l - S a r r a j , 1 2 a d a t i g a t i n g k a t a n , p e r t a m a , m a h a b b a h b i a s a d e n g a n s e l a l u m e n g i n g a t T u h a n ; k e d u a , m a h a b b a h o r a n g y a n g s h i d i q , c i n t a y a n g d a p a t m e n g h i l a n g k a n t a b i r a n t a r a m a n u s i a d a n T u h a n d e n g a n c a r a m e n g h i l a n g k a n k e h e n d a k d a n s i f a t - s i f a t n y a s e n d i r i , l a l u h a t i n y a d i p e n u h i p e r a s a a n c i n t a k e p a d a T u h a n d a n s e l a l u r i n d u k e p a d a - N y a ; k e t i g a , m a h a b b a h o r a n g a r i f , c i n t a y a n g b e n a r - b e n a r m e n g e t a h u i t e r h a d a p T u h a n , y a n g d i r a s a b u k a n l a g i c i n t a , m e l a i n k a n D i r i y a n g d i c i n t a i n y a .
D e n g a n m e n c i n t a i A l l a h , m a k a t e r b u k a l a h r a h a s i a c i p t a a n A l l a h , b a i k y a n g n y a t a m a u p u n y a n g g a i b , y a n g d i d u n i a m a u p u n y a n g d i a k h i r a t ( c i n t a t i n g k a t b i a s a , I ) . D e n g a n t e r b u k a n y a r a h a s i a i t u , s e o r a n g s u f i d a p a t m e l i h a t c a h a y a k e k u a s a a n d a n k e a g u n g a n A l l a h ( c i n t a t i n g k a t o r a n g s h i d i q , I I ) . S e l a n j u t n y a , d i s a a t c i n t a i t u s e m a k i n m e n d a l a m , m a k a a k a n t e r b u k a t a b i r a n t a r a m a n u s i a d a n T u h a n n y a , s a n g a t m e r i n d u k a n - N y a s e b a b t e l a h m e l i h a t k e i n d a h a n - N y a m e l a l u i h a t i - s a n u b a r i ( m a � r i f a h s u f i ) . D i d a l a m h a t i - s a n u b a r i i n i l a h o r a n g a r i f m e m p e r t e m u k a n c i n t a n y a d e n g a n c i n t a A l l a h , c i n t a T u h a n b e r t e m u d e n g a n c i n t a h a m b a - N y a ( c i n t a t i n g k a t o r a n g a r i f , I I I ) . P a d a k e a d a a n j i w a d e m i k i a n s e o r a n g s u f i s e p e r t i R a b i a h a l - A d a w i y a h m e n y a t a k a n p e n g a l a m a n n y a b a h w a a n t a r a
P 3 M S T A I N P u r w o k e r t o | A b d u l W a c h i d B . S . 4 I b d a ` | V o l . 2 | N o . 1 | J a n - J u n 2 0 0 4 | 1 1 6 - 1 2 8
m a h a b b a h d a n m a � r i f a h s a l i n g m e - n i n g k a t k a n k e b e r a d a a n n y a s e k a l i p u n s e l a l u d i m u l a i d a r i k e c i n t a a n t e r h a d a p A l l a h ( m a h a b b a h ) .
M e n u r u t I m a m a l - G h o z a l i d i d a l a m I h y a a � � u l u u m a l - D i i n b a h w a c i n t a d a p a t d i i d e n t i f i k a s i m e n j a d i l i m a , y a k n i :
( 1 ) C i n t a d i r i , b e r u p a k e i n g i n a n a k a n k e s e m p u r n a a n d i r i , m e n c a k u p c i n t a k e p a d a k e s e h a t a n , k e k a y a a n , i s t r i , a n a k , k a r i b - k e r a b a t , d a n l a i n - l a i n ; ( 2 ) C i n t a y a n g t e r b i t d i s e b a b k a n a d a n y a k e u n t u n g a n y a n g d i p e r o l a h d a r i o b j e k y a n g d i c i n t a i ; ( 3 ) C i n t a y a n g d i s e b a b k a n k e i n d a h a n d a n k e b a i k a n , d a n i n i t e r m a s u k c i n t a s e j a t i ; ( 4 ) C i n t a y a n g d i i l h a m i o l e h k e i n d a h a n d a n k e b a i k a n d a l a m a r t i m o r a l s e p e r t i c i n t a s e o r a n g m u s l i m k e p a d a N a b i M u h a mm a d S a w ; ( 5 ) C i n t a y a n g l a h i r k a r e n a m u n a a s a b a h a t a u a f i n i t a s r a h a s i a , u m p a m a n y a c i n t a y a n g w u j u d a n t a r a P e n c i n t a d e n g a n K e k a s i h - n y a . D a l a m h a l i n i p e n c i n t a t i d a k m e m a n d a n g k e s e n a n g a n y a n g a k a n d i p e r o l e h s e b a b c i n t a t e r b i t k a r e n a a d a n y a p e r t a u t a n i s t i m e w a a n t a r a k e d u a n y a . 1 3
P a d a k a t e g o r i k e e m p a t d a n k e l i m a d a r i p e r s p e k t i f a l - G h o z a l i t e r s e b u t , t a s a w u f c i n t a ( m a h a b b a h ) d i k e m b a n g k a n o l e h p a r a s u f i .
K o n s e p m a u p u n p r a k t i k s u f i s m e b e r k e n a a n d e n g a n c i n t a I l a h i i n i a m a t l a h b e r a g a m s e j u m l a h s u f i y a n g m e n g u n g k a p k a n p e n g a l a m a n m i s t i k n y a . B a g a i m a n a u n g k a p a n p a r a s u f i t e n t a n g c i n t a I l a h i i n i ?
D o a y a n g d i u c a p k a n o l e h R a s u l u l l a h m e r u p a k a n p i j a k a n y a n g b a i k b a g i p a r a s u f i u n t u k m e m p e r s e p s i d a n m e m p o s i s i k a n c i n t a t e r s e b u t : � Y a T u h a n , b e r i l a h a k u c i n t a - M u , d a n c i n t a m e r e k a y a n g m e n c i n t a i - M u , d a n c i n t a y a n g m e m b u a t k u m e n d e k a t i c i n t a - M u , d a n b u a t l a h c i n t a - M u l e b i h k u c i n t a i d a r i p a d a a i r s e j u k � . 1 4 P a r a s u f i b e r k e y a k i n a n b a h w a c i n t a m e r u p a k a n d a s a r p e n t i n g u n t u k m e m a s u k i k e h i d u p a n k e a g a m a a n , d a n m e m p e r o l e h r u j u k a n n y a d a r i a l - Q u r � a n b a h w a : � M e r e k a y a n g b e r i m a n h a n y u t d i d a l a m c i n t a m e r e k a k e p a d a A l l a h S w t � , 1 5 � J i k a k a u m e n c i n t a i A l l a h i k u t l a h a k u ; T u h a n a k a n m e n c i n t a i m u � , 1 6 � K e p a d a m e r e k a y a n g b e r i m a n d a n b e r b u a t k e b a j i k a n , k e a t a s m e r e k a T u h a n Y a n g M a h a p e n g a s i h a k a n m e n g a r u n i a k a n c i n t a � . 1 7 T e n t u s a j a , m a s i h b a n y a k a y a t y a n g d a p a t d i j a d i k a n d a s a r b a g i p e n t i n g n y a c i n t a d a l a m k e h i d u p a n k e a g a m a a n I s l a m .
S e k a l i l a g i b a h w a m a h a b b a h m e n j a d i t i n g k a t k e r u h a n i a n p e n t i n g s e t e l a h d i g a l i b e r d a s a r k a n p e n g a l a m a n m i s t i k d a r i a h l i t a s a w u f J a � f a r a l - S h i d i q y a n g d i a n g g a p s e b a g a i p e n c e t u s n y a , l a l u d i k e m b a n g k a n o l e h S y a q i q a l - B a l k h i , d a n H a r i t s a l - M u h a s i b i . N a m u n , d i a n t a r a t o k o h s u f i t e r s e b u t y a n g m e n d a l a m d a n l u a s p e n g a r u h k o n s e p m a h a b b a h - n y a i a l a h R a b i � a h a l - A d a w i y a h , y a n g b e r p r i n s i p b a h w a c i n t a m e r u p a k a n l a n d a s a n k e t a a t a n d a n k e t a k w a a n k e p a d a T u h a n . P a n d a n g a n n y a t e r s e b u t t e r l i h a t d a r i d o a n y a y a n g t e r k e n a l : 1 8
K u c i n t a i K a u d e n g a n d u a c i n t a
C i n t a u n t u k d i r i k u , d a n c i n t a s e b a b K a u p a t u t d i c i n t a
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C i n t a s e b a b K a u p a t u t d i c i n t a , k a r e n a K a u s i n g k a p
P 3 M S T A I N P u r w o k e r t o | A b d u l W a c h i d B . S . 5 I b d a ` | V o l . 2 | N o . 1 | J a n - J u n 2 0 0 4 | 1 1 6 - 1 2 8
P e n g h a l a n g s e h i n g g a a k u d a p a t m e m a n d a n g - M u
S e g a l a p u j i a n t i d a k p e r l u l a g i b a g i k u
S e b a b s e m u a p u j i a n u n t u k - M u s e m a t a
M e n u r u t I m a m a l - G h o z a l i , y a n g d i m a k s u d k a n R a b i � a h d e n g a n � c i n t a u n t u k d i r i k u � i a l a h c i n t a k e p a d a A l l a h d i s e b a b k a n o l e h k e b a i k a n d a n k a r u n i a - N y a , s e d a n g k a n � c i n t a s e b a b K a u p a t u t d i c i n t a � i a l a h c i n t a d i s e b a b k a n o l e h k e i n d a h a n d a n k e a g u n g a n - N y a ( a l - j a m a a l d a n a l - j a l a a l ) y a n g m e n y i n g k a p r a h a s i a d i r i - N y a . K e d u a c i n t a t e r s e b u t m e r u p a k a n c i n t a p a l i n g l u h u r d a n d a l a m , d a n m e r u p a k a n k e l e z a t a n d a l a m m e n y a k s i k a n k e i n d a h a n T u h a n . 1 9
C i n t a m o d e l p e r t a m a i t u p e r s p e k t i f n y a i a l a h c i n t a r i n d u ( s y a w q ) , s e d a n g k a n c i n t a m o d e l k e d u a i t u p e r s p e k t i f n y a i a l a h c i n t a p e l e b u r a n ( f a n a a ) � . . . k a r e n a K a u s i n g k a p / P e n g h a l a n g s e h i n g g a a k u d a p a t m e m a n d a n g - M u � . D i s i n i k e m u d i a n g a g a s a n R a b i � a h t e n t a n g c i n t a m e m u n c u l k a n p e n t i n g n y a p e r a n d z i k i r u n t u k m e n i n g k a t k a n p e n g a l a m a n k e a g a m a a n d a n m e m p e r t e b a l p e r a s a a n k e t u h a n a n d i d a l a m k a l b u .
A l - J u n a y d m e n d e s k r i p s i k a n p e r u b a h a n y a n g d i a k i b a t k a n o l e h c i n t a I l a h i i t u s e b a g a i b e r i k u t , � C i n t a a d a l a h l e b u r n y a p e n c i n t a k e d a l a m s i f a t - N y a , d a n m e n e t a p n y a Y a n g d i c i n t a i d i d a l a m D z a t n y a � . D e n g a n k a t a l a i n , d i u n g k a p k a n o l e h a l - J u n a y d b a h w a � C i n t a b e r a r t i s i f a t - s i f a t y a n g D i c i n t a m a s u k k e d a l a m s i f a t - s i f a t p e n c i n t a . � 2 0
A l - G h a z a l i j u g a m e m e t a f o r a k a n c i n t a y a n g m e n s u c i k a n i n i s e b a g a i � P o h o n y a n g b a i k , a k a r n y a t e g u h d a n c a b a n g n y a m e n j u l a n g k e l a n g i t � s e p e r t i y a n g d i c i t r a k a n o l e h a l - Q u r � a n , 2 1 b u a h n y a m e n a m p a k k a n d i r i n y a d i d a l a m h a t i , d i l i d a h , d a n s e l u r u h a n g g o t a b a d a n . B u a h t e r s e b u t a d a l a h k e t a a t a n k e p a d a s e l u r u h p e r i n t a h A l l a h , d a n m e n g i n g a t - N y a s e c a r a t e r u s - m e n e r u s d a l a m k e a d a a n a p a p u n . O l e h k a r e n a i t u , s e o r a n g p e n c i n t a m e n a n g g a l k a n s e l u r u h k e d i r i a n n y a d a n m e n g g a n t i k a n n y a d e n g a n a p a s a j a y a n g m e n j a d i p e r i n t a h d a r i Y a n g M a h a k e k a s i h ( A l l a h ) s e h i n g g a i a h i d u p d e n g a n k e y a k i n a n s e p e r t i i n i , � T a k a d a k e b a i k a n d a l a m c i n t a t a n p a k e m a t i a n � , y a n g d i m a k s u d - k a n i a l a h � m a t i s e b e l u m m a t i � . P a d a t i n g k a t y a n g p a l i n g e k s t r e m , p e n e r i m a a n t e r h a d a p p e n d e r i t a a n i t u d i l a k u k a n o l e h a l - H a l l a j , y a n g m e n u r u t n y a , � P e n d e r i t a a n a d a l a h D i a P r i b a d i � . S e m a k i n T u h a n m e n c i n t a i s e s e o r a n g , m a k a s e m a k i n b e r a t T u h a n m e n g u j i n y a . P a r a R a s u l a d a l a h o r a n g y a n g p a l i n g d e k a t h u b u n g a n n y a d e n g a n T u h a n , o l e h s e b a b i t u , p a r a R a s u l y a n g p a l i n g b a n y a k m e n d a p a t k a n p e n d e r i t a a n s e b a g a i m a n a d i u n g k a p d i d a l a m a l - Q u r � a n . H a l i n i j u g a d i u n g k a p m e l a l u i h a d i s b a h w a � O r a n g y a n g p a l i n g m e n d e r i t a a d a l a h p a r a R a s u l , l a l u p a r a w a l i , d a n s e t e r u s n y a . � I t u l a h s e b a b n y a a l - H a l l a j d e n g a n i k h l a s , m e n a r i r i a n g m e n j e m p u t m a u t s e b a b b a g i n y a s e o r a n g m a r t i r c i n t a d i b e r i h a k s u r g a . K e y a k i n a n s e m a c a m i t u b e r a n g k a t d a r i f i r m a n T u h a n b a h w a � J a n g a n s e b u t m a t i m e r e k a y a n g t e r b u n u h k a r e n a T u h a n . T i d a k . M e r e k a h i d u p � . 2 2
P 3 M S T A I N P u r w o k e r t o | A b d u l W a c h i d B . S . 6 I b d a ` | V o l . 2 | N o . 1 | J a n - J u n 2 0 0 4 | 1 1 6 - 1 2 8
D a l a m p e r s p e k t i f s u f i s m e , c i n t a T u h a n m e n d a h u l u i c i n t a d a r i m a n u s i a t e r h a d a p T u h a n n y a s e b a b a p a b i l a T u h a n s u d a h m e n c i n t a i h a m b a - N y a , m a k a s a n g h a m b a t a k p e r n a h b i s a m e n o l a k c i n t a - N y a s e b a b p r a k a r s a t e r l e b i h d a h u l u d a t a n g d a r i T u h a n . P a n d a n g a n d e m i k i a n b e r a n g k a t d a r i p e r n y a t a a n a l - Q u r � a n b a h w a � I a m e n c i n t a i m e r e k a , d a n m e r e k a m e n c i n t a i - N y a � . 2 3
T e n t a n g c i n t a I l a h i y a n g s e m p u r n a i t u a d a t i n g k a t a n - t i n g k a t a n c i n t a , y a n g t e n t u s a j a m a s i n g - m a s i n g s u f i j u g a t i d a k p e r n a h s e p a h a m t e n t a n g u r u t a n t i n g k a t a n n y a m a u p u n j u m l a h t i n g k a t a n b e r j e n j a n g y a n g h a r u s d i l a l u i s e o r a n g p e l a k u s u f i . T e n t a n g k l a s i f i k a s i t i n g k a t a n c i n t a i n i j u g a t i d a k d a p a t d i p i s a h k a n d e n g a n t e m a y a n g l e b i h b e s a r b e r k e n a a n d e n g a n k e a d a a n m e n t a l d a r i s u f i ( a h w a l ) d a n t i n g k a t a n - t i n g k a t a n s p i r i t u a l i t a s s u f i ( m a q a m ) .
J a � f a r a l - S h i d i q , i m a m k e e n a m d a r i k a u m S y i � a h ( w . 1 4 8 H / 7 6 5 M ) m e n g a t a k a n b a h w a T u h a n t i d a k t e r b a t a s , k a r e n a n y a g n o s i s ( m a � r i f a h ) j u g a t i d a k t e r b a t a s . J a � f a r a l - S h i d i q s e b a g a i p e r i n t i s g a g a s a n c i n t a I l a h i m e n a n d a i d u a b e l a s t a n d a h a t i y a n g m e n g a n d u n g c i n t a I l a h i , d a n t a n d a i t u s e k a l i g u s s e b a g a i t i n g k a t a n y a n g m e n g a n a l i s i s p e r j a l a n a n s p i r i t u a l m e n u j u p e n g l i h a t a n w a j a h T u h a n , a n t a r a l a i n s e b a g a i b e r i k u t : ( 1 ) t a n d a i m a n ; ( 2 ) t a n d a g n o s i s ( m a � r i f a h ) ; ( 3 ) t a n d a a k a l ( � a q l ) ; ( 4 ) t a n d a k e y a k i n a n ( y a q i n ) ; ( 5 ) t a n d a k e p a s r a h a n ( i s l a m ) ; ( 6 ) t a n d a k e m u r a h a n h a t i ( i h s a n ) ; ( 7 ) t a n d a k e p e r c a y a a n k e p a d a T u h a n ( t a w a k k u l ) ; ( 8 ) t a n d a r a s a t a k u t k e p a d a T u h a n ( k h a w f ) ; ( 9 ) t a n d a h a r a p a n ( r a j a � ) ; ( 1 0 ) t a n d a c i n t a ( m a h a b b a h ) ; ( 1 1 ) t a n d a r i n d u ( s y a w q ) ; d a n , ( 1 2 ) t a n d a g a i r a h ( w a l a h ) . 2 4
A b u a l - Q a s i m a l - Q u s y a y r i 2 5 ( w . 4 6 5 H / 1 0 7 2 H ) m e l a l u i b u k u s a k u t e r k e n a l n y a t e n t a n g s u f i s m e m e n e m p a t k a n c i n t a ( m a h a b b a h ) d a n k e r i n d u a n ( s y a w q ) b e g i t u p e n t i n g n y a s e b a g a i t i n g k a t a n k e - 4 9 d a n k e - 5 0 d a r i s e l u r u h l i m a p u l u h m a q a m y a n g i a u n g k a p k a n . D a l a m p a n d a n g a n a l - Q u s y a y r i , k e r i n d u a n a d a l a h k o m p l e k s s e b a b t i d a k s e k a d a r k e t e r p i s a h a n a t a u k e b e r h a d i r a n s a n g K e k a s i h , m e l a i n k a n b e g i t u k u a t s e h i n g g a h a n y a b e r l a n j u t p a d a p e r t e m u a n d e n g a n T u h a n . A l - Q u s y a y r i j u g a m e n e m p a t k a n c i n t a s e b a g a i p r i n s i p m e n y e l u r u h k e m a j u a n s p i r i t u a l . I a m e m b a g i c i n t a m e n j a d i t i g a d e r a j a t , k e j u j u r a n ( r a s t i ) , k e m a b u k a n ( m a s t i ) , d a n k e h a m p a a n ( n i s t i ) .
A k a n t e t a p i , R u z b i h a n B a q l i ( w . 6 0 6 H / 1 2 0 9 M ) , t e r g o l o n g s u f i P a r s i a a w a l y a n g m e n y u s u n r i s a l a h t e n t a n g t i n g k a t a n c i n t a d a l a m b a h a s a P a r s i a A b h a r a l - A s y q i n ( M e l a t i P a r a P e n c i n t a ) s e c a r a k o m p l e k s d a n m e m u k a u . D i d a l a m k i t a b n y a i t u R u z b i h a n m e n g g a m b a r k a n p e n d a k i a n m i s t i k k e c i n t a y a n g s e m p u r n a , y a n g t e r d i r i d a r i d u a b e l a s m a q a m , y a k n i : ( 1 ) � u b u d i y y a h a t a u k e h a m b a a n ; ( 2 ) w i l a y a h a t a u k e w a l i a n ; ( 3 ) m u r a q a b a h a t a u m e d i t a s i ; ( 4 ) k h a w f i a t a u r a s a t a k u t ; ( 5 ) r a j a � a t a u h a r a p a n ; ( 6 ) w a j d a t a u p e n e m u a n ; ( 7 ) y a q i n a t a u k e y a k i n a n ; ( 8 ) q u r b a h a t a u k e d e k a t a n ; ( 9 ) m u k a s y a f a h a t a u p e n y i n g k a p a n ; ( 1 0 ) m u s y a h a d a h a t a u p e n y a k s i a n ; ( 1 1 ) m a h a b b a h a t a u c i n t a ; d a n , ( 1 2 ) s y a w q a t a u k e r i n d u a n . K e d u a b e l a s m a q a m t e r s e b u t d i i k u t i o l e h d e r a j a t t e r t i n g g i y a i t u c i n t a u n i v e r s a l ( � i s y q - i k u l l i ) y a n g m e r u p a k a n t u j u a n r u h . 2 6
T e n t a n g t i n g k a t a n c i n t a y a n g d i g a g a s o l e h R u z b i h a n B a q l i t e r s e b u t , C a r l W . E r n s t m e n j e l a s k a n n y a s e c a r a r i n g k a s d a n m e n a r i k s e b a g a i b e r i k u t .
P 3 M S T A I N P u r w o k e r t o | A b d u l W a c h i d B . S . 7 I b d a ` | V o l . 2 | N o . 1 | J a n - J u n 2 0 0 4 | 1 1 6 - 1 2 8
K e h a m b a a n t e r d i r i d a r i p r a k t i k - p r a k t i k d i s i p l i n s p i r i t u a l s e p e r t i d z i k i r , s h a l a t , d i a m , p u a s a , d a l a m r a n g k a m e n s u c i k a n s i f a t s e s e o r a n g . K e w a l i a n m e n c a k u p s i f a t - s i f a t s e p e r t i t a u b a t ( t a w b a h ) , k e s a l e h a n ( w a r a � ) d a n a s k e t i s m e ( z u h u d ) . M e d i t a s i d i d a s a r k a n p a d a p e n g e n d a l i a n a t a s p e m i k i r a n y a n g s e r a m p a n g a n d a n m e l i h a t h a k i k a t s e j a t i d i r i . R a s a t a k u t a d a l a h s e j e n i s m e n s u c i k a n a p i y a n g m e m b a n g k i t k a n p e r i l a k u p a r a n a b i , m e s k i p u n t i d a k b e n a r b a h w a i a m e n g a s i n g k a n s e s e o r a n g d a r i s a n g K e k a s i h . K e m u d i a n h a r a p a n a d a l a h o b a t y a n g m e n u n t u n k e p a d a m u s i m s e m i j i w a . P e n e m u - a n a d a l a h m e m p e r o l e h k e d e k a t a n s a n g K e k a s i h . . . . . K e y a k i n a n s a n g e l i t ( s u f i ) a d a l a h s e s u a t u y a n g b e r a d a d i l u a r k e i m a n a n y a n g b i s a d i g o y a h k a n y a n g b e r u p a k e y a k i n a n m a n u s i a a w a m ; i a a d a l a h m e r a s a k a n l a n g s u n g s i f a t - s i f a t I l a h i d a l a m t r a n s e n d e n s i i n t e n s i f y a n g s e m a k i n b e s a r , y a n g d i g a m b a r k a n R u z b i h a n d a l a m i m a j i k a r a k t e r i s t i k s e b a g a i t e r b a k a r n y a s a y a p - s a y a p b u r u n g d a l a m a p i ( c a h a y a ) . P e n y i n g k a p a n , t e r j a d i p a d a t i n g k a t a n a k a l , h a t i d a n r u h u n t u k m e n y i n g k a p k a n b e n t u k - b e n t u k c i n t a y a n g b e r b e d a ; i a m e n g g a b u n g k a n c i n t a d a n k e i n d a h a n d a l a m j i w a d a n m e n y i n g k a p k a n k e k u a s a a n I l a h i s e b a g a i a n g g u r c i n t a . P e n y a k s i a n a d a l a h k a t e g o r i y a n g d i b a g i R u z b i h a n k e d a l a m d u a b a g i a n s e p e r t i k e t e n a n g a n h a t i d a n k e m a b u k a n ( p e m b a g i a n y a n g d a p a t d i b u a t d a l a m s e t i a p m a q a m ) ; b a g i a n t e n a n g p e n y a k s i a n a d a l a h p e m a k a i a n j u b a h I l a h i ( i l t i b a s ) , c i r i I b r a h i m , s e m e n t a r a b a g i a n m a b u k d a r i n y a a d a l a h p e n g h a p u s a n ( m a h w ) , s i f a t M u s a , n a m u n M u h a mm a d m e n g g a b u n g k a n d u a p e n g a l a m a n i n i d a l a m p e n y a k s i a n n y a . 2 7
M e n u r u t R u z b i h a n , 2 8 c i n t a p a d a i n t i n y a d a p a t d i b a g i m e n j a d i d u a , c i n t a p a d a m a n u s i a a w a m , d a n c i n t a p a d a p a r a a h l i . C i n t a p a d a m a n u s i a a w a m i n i d i d a s a r k a n p a d a m a n i f e s t a s i k e i n d a h a n d a l a m c i p t a a n , d e r a j a t n y a i a l a h k e i m a n a n d a r i p a d a p e n y a k s i a n l a n g s u n g . C i n t a p a d a p a r a a h l i d i d a s a r k a n p a d a t i g a h a l , p e r t a m a t a t k a l a r u h y a n g b e l u m b e r w u j u d m e n g a d a k a n p e r j a n j i a n d e n g a n T u h a n n y a y a n g m e n g a k u i A l l a h s e b a g a i T u h a n n y a 2 9 ; k e d u a , d i s a a t r u h t i d a k l a g i t e r s e l u b u n g o l e h s i f a t m a n u s i a , m e l a i n k a n m a n u s i a d a n T u h a n n y a s u d a h t i d a k a d a l a g i p e n g h a l a n g ; k e t i g a , p e n y a k s i a n y a n g m e n y e m - p u r n a k a n y a n g k e d u a t a d i , s a n g h a m b a s e b a g a i c e r m i n d a r i s i f a t - s i f a t k e t u h a n a n s e h i n g g a s i a p a p u n y a n g m e n a t a p p e n c i n t a a k a n m e n j a d i p e n c i n t a T u h a n .
P a d a t i n g k a t k e r i n d u a n ( s y a w q ) o l e h R u z b i h a n d i g a m b a r k a n b a h w a k e r i n d u a n a d a l a h a p i y a n g m e m b a k a r s e m u a p i k i r a n , h a s r a t , d a n s e l u b u n g d a r i h a t i , k a r e n a n y a j i k a c i n t a d a n k e r i n d u a n m e n c a p a i k e s a t u a n , m a k a d i r i m a n u s i a a k a n � l e n y a p � ( f a n a ) . A k h i r b a t a s c i n t a m e n u r u t R u z b i h a n d i d e f i n i s i k a n o l e h d u a t i n g k a t a n y a i t u g n o s i s ( m a � r i f a h ) d a n k e e s a a n ( t a w h i d ) , d i a t a s n y a s u d a h t i d a k a d a l a g i . 3 0 P a d a t i t i k i n i l a h p a n t a s u n t u k m e n g a t a k a n d a l a m u n g k a p a n - u n g k a p a n e s k a t i s ( s y a t h i y y a h ) s e p e r t i p e r n y a t a a n A b u Y a z i d , � M a h a t e r p u j i l a h A k u � ; a t a u , u n g k a p a n a l - H a l l a j , � A k u l a h K e b e n a r a n � . P e n g a l a m a n p e n c i n t a d a l a m k e a d a a n e s k a t i s i t u a t a s k e m a n u n g g a l a n d e n g a n T u h a n m e l a m p a u i s e m u a b e n t u k u n g k a p a n l a i n .
P 3 M S T A I N P u r w o k e r t o | A b d u l W a c h i d B . S . 8 I b d a ` | V o l . 2 | N o . 1 | J a n - J u n 2 0 0 4 | 1 1 6 - 1 2 8
P e n u t u p
P a d a p e n g a l a m a n p e n c i n t a d a l a m k e a d a a n e s k a t i s i t u p u l a , c i n t a d i p e r s e p s i d a n d i p o s i s i k a n s e b a g a i b e n t u k a k h i r h u b u n g a n m a n u s i a d a n T u h a n . F a k t o r p r i n s i p y a n g m e n j u j u n g c i n t a d i a t a s k e d u n i a a n , y a n g b e r a d a d i l u a r h a s r a t e g o d i a k u i s e m e n j a k R a b i � a h a l - A d a w i y a h . P a r a s u f i m e n y i n g k a p p e m a h a m a n c i n t a m e l a l u i k a r a k t e r i s t i k p e n g a l a m a n b a t i n m e l a l u i k e a d a a n ( a h w a l ) d a n t i n g k a t a n ( m a q a m ) s p i r i t u a l , d a n k e k a y a a n k e j i w a a n m e r e k a l a h y a n g m e m b e d a k a n m a s i n g - m a s i n g p e m a h a m a n t e r h a d a p c i n t a . J u m l a h m a q a m y a n g b e r b e d a - b e d a i t u h a n y a m e n u n j u k k a n p r i o r i t a s m a s i n g - m a s i n g p e l a k u n y a u n t u k m e m b e r i p e n e k a n a n t e r t e n t u p a d a t i n g k a t t e r t e n t u m e n u j u c i n t a I l a h i . M a q a m - m a q a m i t u t i a d a l a i n b e r t u j u a n s a m a , y a k n i h a n y a d e m i m e n a n d a i t i n g k a t k e m a j u a n p e l a k u s u f i s e b a g a i k e k a s i h m e n u j u p e n y a t u a n d e n g a n Y a n g M a h a k e k a s i h ( A l l a h ) .
E n d n o t e s
1 B a n d i n g k a n A b u a l - W a f a a l - T a f t a z a n i , S u f i d a r i Z a m a n k e Z a m a n . T e r j . A h m a d R o f i � U t s m a n i ( B a n d u n g : P e n e r b i t P u s t a k a , 1 9 9 7 ) , h a l . 8 5 .
2 Q S . , 5 : 5 9 .
3 V i a , A b d u l H a d i W . M . , T a s a w u f y a n g T e r t i n d a s ( J a k a r t a : P a r a m a d i n a , 2 0 0 1 ) , h a l . 3 6 .
4 I b i d . : 5 3 .
5 V i a , R e z a A r a s t e h , 1 9 7 4 : 8 0 .
6 V i a , A b d u l H a d i W . M . , 2 0 0 1 : 3 5 .
7 A n n e m a r i e S c h i mm e l , D i m e n s i M i s t i k d a l a m I s l a m ( J a k a r t a : P u s t a k a F i r d a u s , c e t . I I , 2 0 0 3 ) , h a l . 1 6 5 .
8 I b i d . : 1 6 6 .
9 I b i d .
1 0 V i a , M u h a mm a d A t i y a h K h a m i s , 1 9 9 3 : 6 9 .
1 1 V i a , H a r u n N a s u t i o n , F i l s a f a t d a n M i s t i s i s m e d a l a m I s l a m ( J a k a r t a : B u l a n B i n t a n g , 1 9 9 0 ) , h a l . 7 5 - 7 6 .
1 2 I b i d . : 7 0 - 7 1 .
1 3 V i a , A b d u l H a d i W . M . , 2 0 0 1 : 5 2 .
1 4 I m a m a l - G h o z a l i v i a A n n e m a r i e S c h i mm e l , 2 0 0 3 : 6 7 .
1 5 Q S . , 2 : 1 6 5 .
1 6 Q S . , 3 : 3 1 .
1 7 Q S . , 1 9 : 9 7 .
1 8 V i a , A b d u l H a d i W . M . , 2 0 0 1 : 4 1 .
1 9 A b u a l - W a f a a l - T a f t a z a n i , c e t . I I , 1 9 9 7 : 8 7 .
2 0 V i a , A n n e m a r i e S c h i mm e l , 2 0 0 3 : 1 7 1 .
2 1 Q S . , 1 4 : 4 2 .
2 2 Q S . , 3 : 1 6 3
P 3 M S T A I N P u r w o k e r t o | A b d u l W a c h i d B . S . 9 I b d a ` | V o l . 2 | N o . 1 | J a n - J u n 2 0 0 4 | 1 1 6 - 1 2 8
2 3 Q S . , 5 : 5 9 .
2 4 V i a , C a r l W . E r n s t , d a l a m S e y y e d H o s s e i n N a s r , E n s i k l o p e d i T e m a t i s : S p i r i t u a l i t a s I s l a m ( F o n d a s i ) ( B a n d u n g : M i z a n , 2 0 0 2 ) , h a l . 5 1 0 - 5 1 1 .
2 5 I b i d . : 5 1 7 .
2 6 I b i d . : 5 2 1 .
2 7 I b i d . : 5 2 1 - 5 2 2 .
2 8 I b i d .
2 9 Q S . , 7 : 1 7 1 .
3 0 V i a , C a r l W . E r n s t , d a l a m S e y y e d H o s s e i n N a s r , i b i d . : 5 2 3 .
D a f t a r P u s t a k a
A l - A t a f t a z a n i , A b u a l - W a f a � a l - G h a n i m i . 1 9 9 7 . S u f i d a r i Z a m a n k e Z a m a n . T e r j . A h m a d R o f i � � U t s m a n i . B a n d u n g : P e n e r b i t P u s t a k a .
E r n s t , C a r l W . 2 0 0 3 . A j a r a n d a n A m a l i y a h T a s a w u f . T e r j . A r i A n w a r . Y o g y a k a r t a : P u s t a k a S u f i .
H a d i W M . , A b d u l . 2 0 0 1 . T a s a w u f y a n g T e r t i n d a s . J a k a r t a : P a r a m a d i n a .
N a s r , S e y y e d H o s s e i n , e t . a l . J u n i 2 0 0 2 . W a r i s a n S u f i - B u k u P e r t a m a ( S u f i m e P e r s i a K l a s i k d a r i P e r m u l a a n h i n g g a R u m i ( 7 0 0 - 1 3 0 0 ) . Y o g y a k a r t a : P u s t a k a S u f i .
N a s r , S e y y e d H o s s e i n ( E d . ) . O k t o b e r 2 0 0 2 . E n s i k l o p e d i T e m a t i s : S p i r i t u a l i t a s I s l a m ( F o n d a s i ) . B a n d u n g : M i z a n .
N a s u t i o n , H a r u n . 1 9 9 0 . F i l s a f a t d a n M i s t i s i s m e d a l a m I s l a m . J a k a r t a : B u l a n B i n t a n g .
S c h i mm e l , A n n e m a r i e . 2 0 0 3 . D i m e n s i M i s t i k d a l a m I s l a m . C e t . I I . J a k a r t a : P u s t a k a F i r d a u s .
W a c h i d B . S . , A